Article 06 – Kolb’s Learning Style and Experiential Learning Theory
Introduction
David A. Kolb created
the Experiential Learning Theory (ELT), also known as Kolb's model, and
published it in 1984. Kolb explained that through the use of experiential
learning theory, it is possible to evaluate a person's abilities and job
requirements in the same language and determine how closely they match. Kolb's
experiential learning theory operates on two levels: a four-stage Kolb’s
learning cycle and four different Kolb learning styles. In Kolb's theory,
experience, perception, cognition, and behavior are all considered
holistically.
In 1984, David Kolb
released his model of learning styles, from which he derived his Kolb learning
style inventory. The internal cognitive processes of the learner are the main
focus of Kolb's theory.
According to Kolb,
learning entails acquiring abstract concepts that can be flexibly applied in a
variety of situations. According to Kolb's theory, new experiences serve as the
catalyst for the creation of new ideas. (Irshad, 2022)
The Experiential Learning Cycle
According to Irshad
(2022) the idea of Kolb's learning cycle describes how people actually gain
knowledge from experience.
A four-stage Kolb's
learning cycle that ensures the learner "touches all the bases"
typically illustrates Kolb's experiential learning theory.
- Concrete Experience - At this stage, the learner shows personal involvement
with others in everyday situations. In concrete situations, learner tends to depend more on feelings,
open-mindedness, and adaptively to change, rather than on a systematic
approach to situations and problems.
- Reflective Observation - At this stage, learners understand situations and
ideas from different points of view. They depend on objectivity, patience,
and careful judgment but do not essentially take any action. The learners
create an opinion on basis of their feelings and thoughts.
- Abstract Conceptualization - At this stage, learners use ideas, logical approaches, and theories, rather than interpersonal issues or
feelings, to understand situations or problems. In most cases, they depend
on systematic planning and building ideas and theories to solve practical
issues and problems.
- Active Experimentation - At an active stage, the learners show an active
learning experience by experimenting with different situations. At the
active experimentation stage, the learners take a practical approach,
rather than simply observing a situation. (structural-learning.com)
Kolb Learning Style
Irshad (2022) explained that based
on a four-stage Kolb's learning cycle, Kolb's learning theory identifies four
different Kolb learning styles. According to Kolb, it is natural for different individuals
to prefer a particular kind of learning style.
A person's preferred style is
influenced by a variety of factors. The preferred style can vary depending on
the social context, educational background, or fundamental cognitive makeup of
the person.
Whatever factors may affect
the style preference, the actual learning style preference is the result of two
pairs of variables, or two distinct "choices," that we make. Kolb
presented these variables as lines on an axis, each with "conflicting"
modes at either end.
In a typical presentation of
Kolb's two continuums, the east-west axis is often referred to as the
Processing Continuum (how we approach a task), and the north-south axis is
referred to as the Perception Continuum (our emotional response, or how we
think or feel about it).
According to Kolb, we cannot simultaneously perform both actions
on a single axis (for example, think and feel). These two conscious choices
have an impact on the way we learn.
It's frequently simpler to understand Kolb learning style as a
two-by-two matrix. Every learning method combines two preferred learning
methods.
The matrix also emphasizes the four Kolb learning style
identified by Kolb as diverging, assimilating, converging, and accommodating:
Brief descriptions of the four Kolb learning styles:
Saul,(2023) explains
4 facts of Kolb learning styles.
Diverging (feeling
and watching – CE/RO)
These people are able to look
at things from different perspectives. They are sensitive. They prefer to watch
rather than do, tending to gather information and use imagination to solve
problems. They are best at viewing concrete situations from several different
viewpoints.
Kolb called this style
“diverging” because these people perform better in situations that require
ideas-generation, for example, brainstorming. People with a diverging learning
style have broad cultural interests and like to gather information.
They are interested in
people, tend to be imaginative and emotional, and tend to be strong in the
arts. People with the diverging style prefer to work in groups, to listen with
an open mind and to receive personal feedback.
Assimilating (watching
and thinking – AC/RO)
The assimilating learning
preference involves a concise, logical approach. Ideas and concepts are more
important than people.
These people require good
clear explanations rather than a practical opportunity. They excel at
understanding wide-ranging information and organizing it in a clear, logical
format.
People with an assimilating
learning style are less focused on people and more interested in ideas and
abstract concepts. People with this style are more attracted to logically
sound theories than approaches based on practical value.
This learning style is
important for effectiveness in information and science careers. In formal
learning situations, people with this style prefer readings, lectures,
exploring analytical models, and having time to think things through.
Converging (doing
and thinking – AC/AE)
People with a converging
learning style can solve problems and will use their learning to find solutions
to practical issues. They prefer technical tasks, and are less concerned with
people and interpersonal aspects.
People with a converging
learning style are best at finding practical uses for ideas and theories. They
can solve problems and make decisions by finding solutions to questions and
problems.
People with a converging
learning style are more attracted to technical tasks and problems than social
or interpersonal issues. A converging learning style enables specialist and
technology abilities.
People with a converging
style like to experiment with new ideas, to simulate, and to work with
practical applications.
Accommodating (doing
and feeling – CE/AE)
The Accommodating learning
style is “hands-on,” and relies on intuition rather than logic. These people
use other people’s analysis, and prefer to take a practical, experiential
approach. They are attracted to new challenges and experiences, and to carrying
out plans.
They commonly act on “gut”
instinct rather than logical analysis. People with an accommodating learning
style will tend to rely on others for information than carry out their own
analysis. This learning style is prevalent within the general population.
Benefits
of the Kolb learning cycle
The Kolb learning
cycle can help you enhance your professional development in several ways.
Firstly, it can help you identify your learning style and preferences, and
adapt your strategies accordingly. Secondly, it can help you integrate theory
and practice, and apply your learning to new situations. Thirdly, it can help
you develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills, and learn from your
mistakes and successes. Fourth, it can help you foster a culture of continuous
learning and improvement, and seek feedback and support from others.
(linkedin.com)
Benefits of experiential learning in the workplace
Sarah, (2021) explains few
benefits of experiential learning in the workplace.
·
Reduces risk of having un-trained staff in critical business situations.
·
Offers a safe environment for participants to practice relevant
situations they may encounter in the future.
·
Allows participants to analyze their performance and implement
any feedback there and then.
·
Ability to tailor the training experience to what the
participant needs to focus on.
·
Increases engagement levels of participants.
·
Bridges the gap between theory and practice.
·
Participants become emotionally invested in the training as they
are physically involved.
·
Accelerates learning as participants use a variety of skills
such as problem solving and decision making.
·
Access to real time feedback and mentoring.
Specific examples of how Kolb's learning style
can be applied in an airline:
·
Pilot
training: Pilots need to be able to learn in all four styles in order to
be successful. For example, they need to be able to learn new procedures
quickly and efficiently, which requires a convergent learning style. They also
need to be able to understand the complex systems of their aircraft, which
requires an assimilative learning style. And they need to be able to make quick
decisions in emergency situations, which require a divergent learning style.
·
Customer service
training: Customer service representatives need to be able to understand
and respond to the needs of customers from all walks of life. This requires a
variety of learning styles, including the ability to be empathetic and
understanding (diverting), the ability to analyze and solve problems
(converging), and the ability to learn new information quickly (assimilating).
·
Maintenance
training: Aircraft maintenance technicians need to be able to learn how to
repair and maintain aircraft systems. This requires a combination of
theoretical knowledge (assimilating) and hands-on experience (accommodating).
Conclusion
In conclusion, Kolb’s experiential learning cycle presents a
comprehensive framework for understanding the process of learning from
experience. Its stages of concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract
conceptualization, and active experimentation offer a roadmap for personal and
professional development.
Despite its limitations and critiques, the cycle remains a
valuable tool in various fields such as education, business training, and
personal growth. As with any learning theory, it serves best when adapted to
individual learning styles and contexts, promoting a more inclusive, flexible
approach to learning and development.( cloudassess.com)
Furthermore, Kolb's
learning style is a valuable tool for understanding how people learn. By understanding
the different learning styles of their learners, educators can create learning
experiences that are more effective and efficient. This can lead to improved
learning outcomes for all learners.
List of References
Irshad,
A(2022). Know
How The Kolb Learning Style And Experiential Learning Cycle Works.
[Online]. Available at https://www.careers360.com/premium/kolb-learning-style-and-experiential-learning-theory.
Accessed on 19th August 2023.
structural-learning.com. What is Kolb's Learning Cycle? structural-learning.com[Online].Available at https://www.structural-learning.com/post/kolbs-learning-cycle#:~:text=The%20four%2Dstage%20learning%20cycle,learner%20progresses%20through%20each%20stage. Accessed on 19th
August 2023.
Agreed, Kolb's Experiential Learning Theory, coupled with his learning styles, provides a comprehensive framework for understanding and enhancing learning processes. While adapting to individual contexts and learning styles, this theory remains valuable across education, business training, and personal development (Stirling,2013). By tailoring learning experiences and leveraging Kolb's insights, educators and organizations can optimize learning outcomes for diverse learners.
ReplyDeleteThank you for your thoughts. Indeed, Kolb's theory says that, by experiencing all four stages of a learning cycle, students are most likely to acquire the best knowledge. In some cases, however, it's not as if all students are learning in that way. Some learners prefer to learn by doing (concrete experience), while others prefer to learn by thinking (abstract conceptualization). To optimize learning outcomes for a wide variety of learners, teachers, and organizations can tailor their teaching experiences to individual learner's different learning styles.
DeleteAn insightful article to read, David A. Kolb's Experiential Learning Theory holds significant importance in the realm of education and learning methodologies. By introducing a comprehensive model that emphasises the experiential process of learning, Kolb's theory has transformed how educators approach teaching and how learners engage with content. The theory's four stages concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization, and active experimentation provide a structured framework that accommodates diverse learning styles and preferences. This holistic approach acknowledges that learning is not a passive process but rather one that requires active engagement, reflection, and application. Kolb's theory has fostered innovative teaching methods that encourage hands-on experiences, critical thinking, and the integration of theory and practice. Its influence extends beyond traditional education, impacting corporate training, professional development, and various fields where practical learning is pivotal.
ReplyDeleteAccording to Sharp (2001), students can use Kolb's learning style theory to analyse and target the audience, enhance communication strategies, and improve teamwork. Classroom experience shows that students can improve teamwork skills with Kolb theory by recognising and capitalising on their strengths, respecting all styles, sending messages in various ways, and analysing style differences to resolve conflict and communicate effectively with team members.
I really appreciate your valuable comments on my article. Adding some more to your views, As the name says, experiential learning involves the transformation of experience into effective learning. Kolb’s experiential learning theory stresses how our experiences, including our thoughts, emotions and environment, impact the learning process. (practera.com)
DeleteHi Sachini
ReplyDeleteDavid A. Kolb's Experiential Learning Theory (ELT), published in 1984, evaluates a person's abilities and job requirements using a four-stage learning cycle and four different learning styles. The theory focuses on internal cognitive processes and abstract concepts, with new experiences fostering idea creation. In the fast-paced airline industry, soft skills training can help employees develop these skills and improve performance. Excellent effort you have put on this article, you have continued to expand the use of soft skills in the airline industry.
Thank you for your insights on my article. According to Saul(2023) Educators should ensure that activities are designed and carried out in ways that offer each learner the chance to engage in the manner that suits them best.
DeleteAlso, individuals can be helped to learn more effectively by the identification of their lesser preferred learning styles and the strengthening of these through the application of the experiential learning cycle.
Hi Sachini,
ReplyDeleteGreat article and good reading. According to studies like those by Johnson et al. (2018), the advantages of professional development for personnel in the airline business are crucial. Aviation staff may keep current on quickly changing technologies, rules, and best practices through continual learning and skill development, establishing an innovative and adaptable culture. Professional development gives workers the knowledge to handle challenging operating circumstances, improving overall performance and safety standards, as shown by Davenport & Davenport (2020). According to research like Li et al. (2019), this is essential for job advancement because it promotes employee engagement, satisfaction, and retention. Airlines can guarantee excellent client experiences, operational efficiency, and a competitive edge in the ever-changing aviation industry by investing in the professional development of their staff.
I really appreciate your valuable thoughts on my article. Absolutely, Kolb's theory is a valuable tool for airline staff who want to learn and develop their skills more effectively. By following the four stages of the experiential learning cycle, staff can actively participate in their own learning and make connections between their experiences and the concepts they are learning. This can help them to become more adaptable, creative, and engaged in their work.
DeleteThis article provides a thought-provoking read. David A. Kolb's Experiential Learning Theory is of great significance in the field of education and instructional strategies. Kolb's introduction of a comprehensive framework that underscores experiential learning has revolutionized both the teaching methods employed by educators and the way learners interact with educational material.
ReplyDeleteThank you for the insights on my article. According to Sophia (2019) an example of experiential learning might involve an employee with a position of responsibility shadowing a more senior manager for one week in order to learn more about leadership. By taking part in the process, the employee would have gained new skills, but they won’t have engaged in experiential learning.
DeleteIn order for this to happen, the employee would need to take the time to reflect on the experience, and to compare what they have observed through shadowing to their own management style. After this, the employee would return to their position with a fresh perspective and understanding on how to approach their role.
Hi,
ReplyDeleteGood job! Your introduction provides a clear overview of David Kolb's Experiential Learning Theory and its components, and your subsequent sections delve into the Experiential Learning Cycle, Kolb's learning styles, and the benefits of applying these concepts in various contexts, such as the workplace and aviation.
The inclusion of specific examples of how Kolb's learning styles can be applied in different scenarios adds practicality to your explanation. Your conclusion effectively emphasizes the value of Kolb's framework while acknowledging its limitations.
Overall, this is an excellent presentation of Kolb's Experiential Learning Theory, providing a comprehensive understanding of its key concepts and practical applications.
I really appreciate your valuable thoughts. According to Deepak(2023), This model is ideal for optimizing learning across a variety of contexts. Its emphasis on hands-on activities and self-reflection helps individuals understand their individual capabilities, enabling them to make the most out of each learning opportunity. Furthermore, its focus on active participation leads to enriched understanding and improved information retention - two essential elements in any successful educational journey!
DeleteHi Sachini, Well described. Kolb's Learning Style and Experiential Learning Theory, created by David Kolb, are ways to understand how people learn from their experiences. It involves a cycle with four stages: experiencing, observing, thinking, and doing. It also identifies four different learning styles that people may have (McLeod, S. A., 2013). Can you further explain, how can organizations leverage Kolb’s Learning Style and Experiential Learning Theory to enhance employee training and development programs, ultimately improving workplace performance and innovation?
ReplyDeleteKolb's ELT can be used to enhance employee training and development programs in a number of ways.
Delete*Identifying learning styles: By understanding the different learning styles of their employees, organizations can design training programs that are more effective for each individual.
* Creating a variety of learning activities: By incorporating a variety of learning activities into training programs, organizations can appeal to different learning styles and make the learning experience more engaging.
* Providing opportunities for reflection: Allowing learners to reflect on their experiences is an important part of the learning process. Organizations can provide opportunities for reflection by giving learners time to journal, discuss their experiences with others, or complete reflective exercises.
* Encouraging experimentation: Giving learners opportunities to experiment with new skills and concepts is essential for learning. Organizations can encourage experimentation by providing learners with safe environments to practice new skills and by giving them feedback on their progress.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of Kolb's Experiential Learning Theory, which offers valuable insights into how individuals acquire knowledge and skills through experience. The four-stage Kolb learning cycle, encompassing Concrete Experience, Reflective Observation, Abstract Conceptualization, and Active Experimentation, forms a structured approach to learning. Moreover, the delineation of four distinct Kolb learning styles - Diverging, Assimilating, Converging, and Accommodating - sheds light on how learners engage with information based on their preferences and cognitive makeup. The article also highlights the practical applications of Kolb's theory in various fields, such as pilot training, customer service, and maintenance training. Overall, this piece provides a nuanced understanding of experiential learning and its relevance in personal and professional development.
ReplyDeleteThank you for your great insights. Referring to the views of Denis(2023) , There are few benefits of Kolb's learning cycle.
Delete* Each stage of the model is associated with a different preferred learning style. This ensures that all preferred learning styles are used as you step through the model.
* The model provides a blend of traditional teaching plus hands-on learning.
* The model forces the teacher to use more tools than simply broadcasting their knowledge to the student.
Great Article!! In addition to the points you've provided, “Learning is the process whereby knowledge is created through the transformation of experience” (Kolb, 1984, p. 38).
ReplyDeleteIn 1974, Kolb developed the Experiential Learning Cycle. Learning is viewed as an integrated process in the four-stage model. Kolb argues that effective learning is a cyclical process that includes experiencing, reflecting, thinking, and acting, thus all four stages are mutually beneficial.
Experiential Learning Theory by Kolb Applying Students, instructors, and businesses can all benefit from Kolb's learning theory. After all, it emphasizes the importance of our experiences, delineates the various stages of learning, and introduces distinct learning styles and their characteristics..(2023)
In your view, do you believe experiential learning plays a significant role in personal or professional development?
Thank you for your valuable comments. Yes, I believe that Experiential Learning plays a vital part in both personal and professional development. Experiential education is a kind of vocational training that takes place by means of hands-on experience. These are often compared to traditional forms of learning, such as lectures and textbooks. Furthermore, Experiential learning can be a valuable tool for personal and professional development. It can help learners gain real-world skills and knowledge, develop problem-solving skills, build confidence, become more engaged in the learning process, and develop teamwork skills.
Delete